面对城镇化带来的农村人口外流，中国正积极利用数字技术缓解农村集体行动困境与治理真空。“十五五”规划纲要明确提出，要深入推进数字中国建设，提升数智化发展水平。对此，国产成人直播-国产性爱直播 助理教授舒全峰在《中国日报》发文，阐释中国数字乡村建设的经验进展与现实挑战，指出未来的数字化转型需要加快迈入高质量发展的新阶段，为扭转乡村衰落、推动乡村全面振兴提供持续动力。

舒全峰 国产成人直播-国产性爱直播 助理教授、清华大学中国农村研究院助理研究员

以下为文章原文及中文译文

（China Daily报道原文请点击文末“阅读原文”查看）

Rural development

By Shu Quanfeng | China Daily Global

Digital platforms and AI tools are bridging the distance for China's migrant rural residents, fostering participation and governance in the countryside

As the waves of urbanization and industrialization surge forward, rural development and vitalization become a shared mission for nations worldwide. The effective utilization of digital technology can play a pivotal role in this mission by mitigating collective action dilemmas and governance vacuums caused by population outflow in rural areas.

China's newly released outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) for national social and economic development explicitly calls for deepening the construction of a digital China and enhancing the level of digital-intelligent development, while the 2026 No 1 Central Document highlights the implementation of high-quality development actions for digital villages.

According to the 57th Statistical Report on China's Internet Development, 5G networks cover all towns and 95 percent of administrative villages in China, with rural internet penetration reaching 69.5 percent as of December 2025. The digital landscape in rural China has leaped forward over the past decade, accumulating valuable experience for combating rural development challenges and fostering revitalization.

On the one hand, the widespread adoption of digital rural governance platforms connects the floating population online, solving the problem of insufficient participation in rural governance.

Spatial barriers and spatiotemporal dislocation were once core issues hindering the cohesion of mobile societies. However, digital technology has broken these shackles, allowing discrete mobile forces to converge online.

For instance, as of March 2026, over 88,000 villages and 16 million villagers nationwide have joined the"village-level service platform", a digital governance mini-program.

On this rural office automation system, every village has a dedicated home page featuring columns for village affairs disclosure, deliberation and consultation, grievance feedback and participation rankings.

Villagers working or living anywhere in the world can follow their home village's page on their phones to stay updated on local dynamics. They can participate online in the consultation, decision-making and supervision of public affairs such as infrastructure construction, public service provision and collective resource management, and are incentivized to actively donate to collective activities that improve their hometowns.

On the other hand, digital-intelligent tools represented by large language models deeply empower grassroots cadres, effectively helping them govern villages and meet villagers' needs. By December 2025, the user base for generative artificial intelligence in China had reached 602 million.

A 2025 survey by the China Institute for Rural Studies at Tsinghua University showed that 66.9 percent of village cadres now use AI tools such as Doubao and DeepSeek in their daily work to assist with decision-making and management. They utilize these tools to design public activity plans, produce promotional videos for local specialty products, draft rural revitalization project proposals and analyze data on public demands.

However, integrating digital technology into rural society is a complex process that is currently in a"running-in period", facing multiple constraints regarding subject capability, technology application and institutional norms.

First, the digital literacy of rural cadres and villagers needs improvement. According to a 2026 report by China Internet Network Information Center, as of December 2025, the digital literacy and skills of rural residents lagged behind those of urban residents by 24.6 percentage points. China Institute for Rural Studies data from 2025 indicates that 31.1 percent of village cadres can barely use office software, and 10.3 percent do not know how to use WeChat to issue notices or mobilize the public.

Second, the misuse of digital governance tools is prominent. The redundant construction of various digital governance tools is severe; most villages are required to fill out data for more than a score of apps, with some exceeding dozens. This leads to"digital burnout" among cadres, affecting their physical and mental health and their willingness to serve the public.

Third, lagging regulation has spawned a series of social risks. Government regulation often trails behind the iteration of digital technology, leading to increasing social risks in rural areas such as information cocoons, group polarization and even AI fraud. These risks can easily erode villagers' trust in digital technology.

The 15th Five-Year Plan emphasizes the importance of creating a beneficial, safe and fair environment in the development of digital technology. Given that high mobility will be a long-term structural feature of China's rural society, future digital transformation needs to accelerate into a new stage of high-quality development to provide continuous momentum for reversing rural decline and promoting comprehensive revitalization.

First, rural revitalization hinges on human resources. This means increased investment in improving the digital literacy and skills of villagers, implementing special actions to enhance the digital leadership of rural grassroots cadres and carrying out customized cultivation in digital services, governance, mobilization and marketing.

Second, technology is key to vigorously promoting innovation in digital governance tools. There should be increased research support for agriculture-friendly digital technology innovation to improve the utility and ease of use of rural digital governance platforms. The construction of an intelligent, standardized rural governance platform system should be accelerated, making digital platforms a smart hub that truly transcends time and space to efficiently aggregate rural resources.

Third, institutional backup is needed to strengthen the standardized management of digital applications. This includes adhering to the principle of balancing regulation and support, strengthening the governance of false and harmful information in cyberspace, and building an agile and efficient digital governance institutional system. Equally important are algorithmic value orientation and humanistic care, ultimately promoting technology for good to provide institutional guarantees for cohesion in a mobile society.

随着城市化与工业化浪潮的快速推进，人口外流引发的乡村衰败已成为全球性挑战，推进乡村振兴、促进乡村发展成为各国的共同使命。作为世界上最大的发展中国家，中国所面临的挑战尤为艰巨。在这方面，数字技术可以发挥关键作用，缓解集体行动困境和治理真空。

“十五五”规划纲要明确提出，要深入推进数字中国建设，提升数智化发展水平。2026年中央一号文件也强调，要实施数字乡村高质量发展行动。过去十年，随着互联网、大数据、云计算、人工智能等数字技术的迅猛发展，中国乡村地区的数字化水平实现了跨越式发展。第57次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》数据显示，截至2025年12月，全国所有乡镇以及95%的行政村已通5G，农村互联网普及率达到69.5%，农村网民规模达3.14亿人。这一数字化转型进程，为应对乡村发展挑战、促进乡村振兴积累了宝贵经验。

一方面，数字连接扩大了乡村治理的参与规模。空间阻隔与时空错位曾是掣肘流动社会凝聚力的核心难题，但随着数字化深度嵌入乡村肌理，传统乡村的时空逻辑正经历根本性重构。数字技术打破了物理边界的桎梏，使离散的流动力量得以在线汇聚，转化为推动乡村振兴的磅礴合力。

截至2026年3月，全国已有超过8.8万个村庄、1600万村民入驻数字化治理小程序“村级服务平台”，在这个乡村OA系统上，每个村庄都有一个专门的主页，设有村务公开、审议协商、投诉反馈等栏目。原本可能分散在全球任何地方的村民都可以在手机上关注自己家乡的主页，随时了解当地动态，与村干部一起参与基础设施建设、公共服务提供、集体资源管理等公共事务的协商、决策、执行和监督。

另一方面，在数字技术的深度介入下，乡村基层组织正加速向扁平化、多中心化的网状结构转型，通过数字技术赋能与治理链条重构，提升乡村治理的制度效能。截至2025年12月，中国生成式人工智能用户规模已达6.02亿人。2025年清华大学中国农村研究院 (CIRS) 的调查数据显示，66.9%的村干部已在日常工作中使用豆包、DeepSeek等AI大模型工具辅助决策与管理。他们利用这些工具制定公共活动计划，制作地方特色产品的宣传视频，撰写乡村振兴项目建议书，分析公众需求数据。

从以上分析不难发现，人口外流并不必然导致乡村衰败，数字技术的有效利用可以缓解人口外流引发的集体行动困境与治理真空，为破解乡村衰败难题提供重要解决方案。当然，中国乡土社会深厚的制度惯性与路径依赖，与作为新兴变量的数字技术之间仍存在显著的结构性张力。将数字技术融入农村社会是一个复杂的过程，目前正处于“磨合期”，面临主体能力、技术应用和制度规范等多重制约。

一是农村干群群众的数字素养有待提高。第57次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》数据显示，截至2025年12月，中国农村居民的数字素养与技能掌握水平较城镇居民低24.6个百分点。2025年CIRS调查数据显示，31.1%的村干部基本不会使用办公软件，10.3%的干部甚至不懂得如何使用微信发布通知或组织动员群众。

二是数字治理工具滥用情况较突出。当前各类数字治理工具的重复建设问题较为严重，大多数村庄需要填报数据的APP超过10个，最高超过40个，导致一些干部出现数字倦怠，不仅无法凝合干群关系，反而会制造新的隔阂与疏离。

三是监管滞后衍生出一系列社会风险。政府监管往往滞后于数字技术的发展迭代，导致信息茧房、群体极化乃至AI诈骗等社会风险蔓延，极易瓦解村民对数字技术的信任基础，削弱其作为流动乡土社会“粘合剂”的作用。

2026年是“十五五”规划开局之年。“十五五”规划纲要强调，加强数据基础制度规则建设和人工智能治理，营造有益、安全、公平的发展环境。鉴于“高流动性”将成为中国乡村社会的长期结构性特征，未来的数字化转型需要加快迈入高质量发展的新阶段，为扭转乡村衰落、推动乡村全面振兴提供持续动力。

一是要聚焦于“人”，以数字素养弥合流动鸿沟。乡村振兴，关键在人。要加大对农民数字素养和数字技能的培训投入，实施农村基层干部数字领导力提升专项行动，定制化开展数字服务、数字治理、数字动员、数字营销等数字领导力培育。

二是要聚焦于“技”，以技术创新优化治理纽带。应加大适农化数字技术创新的科研扶持，提高乡村数字治理平台的实用性和易用性；加快构建智能化、标准化的乡村治理平台体系，让数字平台真正成为跨越时空、高效聚合乡村资源的智能枢纽。

三是要聚焦于“制”，以审慎监管护航凝合秩序。应坚持监管与扶持并重原则，加大对数字空间不良信息内容的治理力度，构建敏捷高效的数字治理制度体系；加强算法价值导向和人文关怀，推动科技向善，为流动社会的力量凝合提供制度保障。

来源丨China Daily

供稿丨清华大学中国农村研究院